ABANYALA BA KAKAMEGA: Language- One word; different pronunciations.

In Olunyala (K), there are many words written in the same way but with two or more different pronunciations and meanings.

The change in pronunciation can be due to three factors:

1. Olunyala syllable stress, 
2. Olunyala vowel lengthening, 
3. Olunyala tone shifts- according to Ochwaya-Oluoch (2013) A Study of the Phonology and Morphology of Lunyala, she says: "The Olunyala tone is primarily used for making both grammatical and lexical distinctions. She says it is quite common to find lexical minimal pairs differentiated by tone alone. Thus tone is both phonemically and lexically distinctive." Hovever, she gave a few words to illustrate this.

The following is a comprehensive list of the words.

1. Abachi 1. The cowardly. Abachi bahindira. 2. Those to go. Abachi ba amachi bali?
2. Abakesi 1. Those with wisdom:  Abakakesi ba sisamuye. 2. Those making it to walk: Abakesi ba eng'ombe mbabo. 3. Those harvesting: Abakesi benukhire.
3. Abaka 1. Is skinning. Abaka embusi nje anu? 2. Those weeding. Abaka amatolotolo nje abanu? 3. Those who weeded. Abaka emikachi bali nje abanu?
4. Abeka 1. Those lerning. Abeka basoma embabulo. 2. Those who learned. Abeka bamala banyola emilimo.
5. Abeba 1. Those stealing. 2. Those who stole.
6. Akha 1. This small one here: Akha khange nikho. 2. Interjection to show disgust: Akha, okwiye ekera?
7. Akhafula 1. Some small drizzle of rain. Akhafula khamonya. 2. A small one producig water or ink from inside. Akhakalamu akhafula khano khanu?
8. Akhakali 1. A small tent. 2. The big one out of the many small ones. 
9. Akhakanda: 1. Small bean seed: Akhakanda khamulokheye. 2. A small group: Akhakanda khali nende owikhalo. 3. A small clitoris.
10. Akhani: 1. A little quantity of vegetable. 2. Small quantiry of liver.
11. Akhasanda- 1. A small calabash, 2. A small one left without the owner.
12. Akhasiri 1. Worn out hoe 2. Small one that has not 
13. Akhasoko 1. A small weaver bird. 2. A small market.
14. Akhasolo 1. A small animal. 2. Some minor disagreement. 
15. Akhatuli 1. A small tummy, 2. A small group of things.
16. Akhawa 1. Small dog 2. Small one that got finished.
17. Akhawaawa 1. A small firewood split. 2. Some little boowing
18. Akhekho 1. A small relative, 2. A small cooking stick.
19. Alaka 1. Is promising 2. Last born
20. Amabere. 1. Milk: Nywa amabere. 2. Sorghum. Seesa amabere.
21. Amakeni 1. Amalgamation of left overovers. 2. News
22. Amala 1. Interstine 2. Is finishing now.
23. Amalesi 1. Madicine: Mira amalesi. 2. Clouds: Amalesi kakhingire enyanga.
24. Amalulu 1. Bitter taste: Amirire amalesi amalulu. 2. Fruits: Khuliye amalulu.
25. Amani 1. Complete liver 2. Energy or force.
26. Amola 1. Barks 2. Is crowling
27. Bacha 1. to escape or miss, 2. to chop
28. Bachie 1. How are they? 2. They go
29. Baola 1. They are rotten 2. They are saying.
30. Berera 1. Be on daily basis 2. Be in bad moods
31. Beya 1. Be unsettled 2. To cheat 3. Domesticate
32. Chuma 1. Send 2. Jump
33. Ebikesi 1. Small bright ones. 2' Small havester 
34. Echumbi 1. Work place 2. Salt
35. Efukho 1. Animal 2. Crossing point on river
36. Ekhala 1. To cut across once 2. A crab
37. Ekhanu 1. Sinuses 2. Simsim
38. Ekhola 1. I am doing 2. Banana fibre
39. Ekhula 1. I am uprooting 2. I am growing 3. Growth style
40. Ekhwe 1. Dirt on body 2. Dowry.
41. Ekombe 1. Spirit world 2.  Place of seclusion for initiates. 
42. Ekonge 1. Sisal 2. Seminal fluid
43. Emali 1. Black 2. Wealth (borrowed from Kiswahili)
44. Emba 1. I will be 2. Soil clots.
45. Embaka 1. Same ages 2. An opening in a wall 3. Present tebae for first person skinning. 4. Not able to fit in.
46. Embakha 1. I am farmenting 2. A chat or story
47. Embakukha 1. To go off from where it was held and fall. 2. Gap between teeth tiwards the sides.
48. Embala 1. A scar caused by cutting 2. I am counting 3. Small finger size opening.
49. Embasa 1. I warm. 2. I iron 
50. Embeka 1. Style of shaving 2. General directions
51. Embenya 1. I am opening my mouth 2. Gap between teeth.
52. Embi 1. Slaps 2. A bad one.
53. Embiro 1. Soot on surface of cooking utencils. 2. Abilily to run.
54. Embola 1. I rot 2. I say
55. Embolo 1. Rotten one 2. Penis
56. Embosi 1. Objective in a message 2. Free wife given to create truce.
57. Embuka 1. I cover with soil 2. I marvel.
58. Embala 1. I am counting 2. Scar.
59. Embola 1. I am rotting 2. I am saying.
60. Embulu 1. Rotten: Enjuku yino embulu. 2. Monitor: Yino embulu namwe ekwena?
61. Embuma 1. I don't have 2. Playing boots.
62. Embuna 1. I pierce 2. I come early.
63. Embuma 1. I dont have 2. I produce vehicle sound.
64. Embusa 1. Am collecting together 2. Am making sound to scare.
65. Embusi 1. Something grey. 2. A goat.
66. Emburukha 1. I grey up. 2. I fly
67. Emesa 1. A table, 2.  Am growing pubic hair
68. Emiayo 1. Yawn 2. Many big grazers
69. Emise 1. Plural for arena 2. Mucus blown out of the nose.
70. Emisi 1. Roots 2. A loat of feaces.
71. Emondo 1. Tiger 2. Gizzard
72. Enchenga 1. Am  trembling 2. Some residue from maize flour.
73. Enda 1. Stomach 2. Louse
74. Endacha 1. I am bleeding 2. I kick
75. Endachi 1. A plant 2. That which kicks
76. Endalo 1. Days: Keniya endalo chibiri. 2. Farm: Khuchie khulime endalo.
77. Endayi 1. A good one 2. A basket
78. Endeke 1. I dispise now 2. leg bells 3. Aeroplane
79. Endekha 1. I am leaving it 2. I am cooking
80. Endia 1. I am eating 2. His way of eating
81. Endira 1. I am holding 2. I am crying
82. Endire 1. couse self to cry 2. Cause self to hold.
83. Endoba 1. I am refusing 2. I am fishing.
84. Endocha 1. I am dreaming 2. I am getting wet.
85. Endukha 1. I scold 2. I weave
86. Enduse 1. Bile 2. I vomit
87. Enjaba 1. I am digging 2. Tobacco
88. Enjekho 1.  I put on top 2. Laughter.
89. Enjukha 1. Snake 2. Am pouring
90. Engerekha 1. I am adding 2. Other side of the river.
91. Engisa 1. I hide 2. Loang for.
92. Engosa 1. I am returning 2. I am making mistake
93. Engunya 1. I am walking first 2. I rummage through.
94. Engwe 1. I fall 2. A leopard
95. Enyanya 1. I am chewing 2. Tomato
96. Enyenje 1. Cricket 2. Dancing straps
97. Enjoli 1. Big legendar elephant: Nanjakambira kakona khu mwanda kwa enjoli. 2. Tablet: Mira enjoli chibiri.
98. Eria 1. Fear out of respect. 2. Marriage.
99. Esa. 1. A watch. Esa ya tisiko yange. 2. Caterpillar: Esa limamire Kwachi.
100. Esaka 1. Branch 2. Black nightshade.
101. Esala 1. Prayer 2. Plural of stick. 3. I am praying 2. One birth occassion for an animal.
102. Esi 1. Fly: Esi yikwiye mu mabeere. 2. That near you: Esi siosi esiri khusifulia?
103. Esia 1. Many strings, 2. I am grinding
104. Esibale 1. The bottom of plate 2. Sandy soil
105. Esibeere 1. Sorghum plantation, 2. An udder
106. Esibikhwa 1. A white ant house 2. That stored
107. Esifwa 1. That which is dying. 2. Hernia of the testis 3. I am still dieing
108. Esika 1. Tear, 2. I am roasting
109. Esikaye 1. Pot for farmenting brew 2. That which has been left without owner
110. Esike 1. roasted one, 2. locust
111. Esikeke 1. That which is being carried by a small thing. 2. A small anthill.
112. Esikhole 1. A small goat: Esikhole siyokera. 2. Action: Okholire esikhole esibi.
113. Esikhongo 1. A cow peg 2. That which is big
114. Esikoko 1. Small banana plantation 2. Part of animal meat
115. Esikombe 1. A small cattle 2. A small cup
116. Esikoye 1. That which has come back, 2. A small rope
117. Esikuli, 1. A school 2. A hit by head
118. Esikulu 1. School: Chia khu sikulu. 2. Hill or Island: Khunina khu sikulu.
119. Esikumba 1. A borne 2. A thing that cannot give birth.
120. Esilama 1. Roof of a granary 2. That with is salvaged
121. Esilundu 1. Garden 2. Small part of a shrub of tree called Olulundu.
122. Esimba 1. Lion: Esimba yiriye entuyu. 2. Mongoose: Esimba lya Nalikekhe liliye engokho. 3. Cottage: Kombakhire esimba. 4. I am swelling: Ese endikho esimba.
123. Esinini- 1. gums 2. Spirit of dead usually belied to remain where one dued. 3. A small climber.
124. Esio 1. That one: Esio nche esianu. 2. Grinding stone disc: Esio yiri khu lukina.
125. Esiraka 1. A small youth 2. A patch on cloth
126. Esiri 1. Am not yet. 2. An ant hill.
127. Esiro 1. To be at night 2. The king post
128. Esisa 1. I rub 2. Sorrowful mood.
129. Esisanda 1. A callabash 2. That wich has no owner
130. Esise 1. I will rub 2. Opportune time
131. Esisiri 1. A small jembe 2. For that which is still 3. A eunach
132. Esisisiro 1. The heel 2. That to rub with
133. Esoko 1. Wiverbird 2. A market
134. Esoma 1. I am learning 2. I am pocking
135. Esuna 1. I am reaching menopause 2. A mosquito 3. I am jumping
136. Eswa 1. A white ant 2. Single body hair
137. Eteche 1. A nail 2. One sorghum husk
138. Eteka 1. Truthfulness 2. A fishing rod
139. Etete 1. A grasshopper 2. That which is cut
140. Etondo 1. Albino 2 Navel
141. Fwana 1. Parhaps 2. Look like
142. Halala 1. Together 2. Stiffen
143. Hasi 1. Down 2. Not at all
144. Kala 1. Those one 2. Behave stupidly
145. Kali 1. Be big 2. Which ones 2. That which was
146. Kesa 1. To havest, 2. To walk it around
147. Khane 1. Four times 2. Maybe 3. That is how it was
148. Khina 1. Dance 2. Waylay 3. Gift while ants.
149. Khocha 1. To pluck a branch from tree. 2. An uncle
150. Khoma 1. Hammer a peg or nail 2. That which is hard or dry
151. Khosa 1. Remove maize from stem 2. Light
152. Khula 1. Uproot 2. Grow up
153. Khunda 1. On top of stomach 2. Play sex
154. Kula 1. Buy 2. That one.
155. Kusa 1. Sell 2. Big caterpillar.
156. Kuya 1. A big one that is burning 2. To remove chaff from farm using rake
157. Lasa 1. Throw 2. Behave deviantly
158. Loba 1. Refuse 2. Demand your debt daily.
159. Mala 1. Smear 2. Finish 3. Intestine
160. Male 1. You smear up. 2 You finush up.
161. Malulu 1. Bitter ones 2. A type of fruit
162. Mana 1. Mud a circumcision candidate 2. Then 3. Then
163. Mama 1 mother 2. Scorch.
164. Muno 1. Inside here 2. Greatly.
165. Musa 1. Name for Moses 2. To mortgage animals 
166. Musi 1. A root 2. Noon time
167. Musiteche 1. Be in the nail, 2. Be during day
168. Nyala 1. Be able 2. Cause pain in an alread paining area
169. Okhuamukha 1. To be in the morning 2. Fruits or fruits to fall off tree.
170. Okhubachukha 1. To dislocate hip 2. To be easily chopped during curving
171. Okhubakala 1. To dry 2. To sharpen
172. Okhubala 1.To be warm, 2. To count
173. Okhubalikha 1. To marry second wife 2. Be countable
174. Okhubasa 1. To twist 2. To warm 
175. Okhubayira 1. To get married 2. To graze for them.
176. Okhubeya 1. To hoover, 2. Cheat
177. Okhubiya 1. To wipe. 2. To get bad
178. Okhufucha 1. to spit, 2. to destroy
179. Okhuhaka 1. to tempt, 2. to be tight
180. Okhukoba 1. To say it is better, 2. to escort
181. Okhulala 1. To be many, 2. To smoke up
182. Okhulalukha 1. to be mad, 2. to be a be accustomed to
183. Okhulikula 1. To start it, 2. to buy it
184. Okhuloba 1. To refuse, 2. To fish 
185. Okhumanya 1. To know 2. To pluck feathers from chicken
186. Okhumera 1. To germinate 2. To be drunk
187. Okhumonya 1. To drop lightly 2. To backbite
188. Okhumwenya 1. To smile, 2. To want somebody
189. Okhunoka 1. To pluck, 2. To mix in right ratio
190. Okhusicha 1. to fence, 2. to make string
191. Okhusimbira 1. To swell with anger 2. To be fat
192. Okhusimikha 1. To be liked, 2. To put in ground
193. Okhusira. 1. To prop up. 2. To refuse
194. Okhusola. 1. To play, 2. to revenge
195. Okhusomekha 1. to be readable, 2. to push shap 
196. Okhuwa 1. One to give you 2. Get finished
197. Okhwirula 1. Weed the second time 2. Carry a pot off rhe fire
198. Olufu 1. dust, 2. death
199. Olukosi 1. Long necked 2. A lot of royalty in treatment
200. Olula 1. To become bitter: Olula kho bakhuria. 2. Interstine: Abana ba olula lulala.
201. Olume 1. Dew 2. You bite
202. Oluya 1. A tribe 2. Sweat
203. Olwafwa 1. that which is dead, 2. crack
204. Olwala 1. Finger, 2. One who is sick
205. Olwana 1. Childish behaviour 2. One in a struggle
206. Olwasa 1. One nursing the sick, 2. Gap in mouth
207. Omucholi 1. A type of tree 2. A witch who uses items used by the target person to bewitch
208. Omukasa 1. A leader 2. Copper bracelet
209. Omukesi 1. The bright one 2. One who harvest 
210. Omukhala 1.  business person, 2.  A gore
211. Omukhosi 1. Direction 2. Eluminator
212. Omukoko 1. A sister 2. A banana stem
213. Omukongo 1. Back 2. A person from Congo
214. Omukulo 1. A roofing pole, 2. One's relative whom they can talk freely.
215. Omusumba 1. wifeless 1. Member of the clan of Abasumba
216. Omuya 1. Air, 2. Guy
217. Owoya 1. Hair skin, 2. seduce
218. Omuyini 1. Long tool wooden handle. 2. One who abuses others.
219. Owukeni 1. left over, 2. visit
220. Owukesi 1. brain, 2. havesting style
221. Owukhana 1. dance, 2. girlhood
222. Owukusi 1. price, 2. selling style
223. Parana 1. Think about each other. 2. Do shoddy work.
224. Saba 1. Wash hands 2. Ask for
225. Sala. 1. Pray 2. To be in plenty and free for anybody 3. Sticks.
226. Sera 1. Provoke 2. Shimmer
227. Serere 1. Saduce them 2. Seduce me. 3. Type of cassava.
228. Sikha 1. Bury 2. Get extinct
229. Sima 1. Extinguish  fire 2. like
230. Sinya 1. press down, 2. bore
231. Sira 1. Refuse completely 2. That one over there
232. Soma 1. Pull muscles from inside 2. Read.
233. Suna 1. Jump, 2. Reach menopouse
234. Tasa 1. To add, 2. To collect water from roof
235. Taya. 1. Scoop 2. Demand payback of a deb
236. Teta 1. Cut 2. Eat seed of millet
237. Tima 1. Run 2. Deviate form norm
238. Timatima 1. Run aimlessly 2. Get lost in finding direction
239. Tisa 1. Hand over 2. Nine 3. Slaughter a sheep for cultural function.
240. Tosya 1. Make wet 2. Satisfy
241. Tuma 1. Rumble 2. Come out and fly off
242. Tumukha 1. Light object flying away 2. Have manyblisters at one point
243. Wola  1. Say 2. Rot
244. Wolera 1. To tell 2. Keep quiet
245. Woya- 1. Tie 2. Woo
246. Yera 1. Conceive 2. Breath
247. Yirira 1. Make boiling sound 2. It is crying
248. Some verbs change meanin to give the aspect of "do it to me now" and "do it to them now" by tone shift khupe, mbosie, mbakhe, ndire
249. Some verb with kha~ and ba~ to indicate pesent and pasent tense.  The distinctions comes out due to tone shift.

1. Kaweye 1. It has ended. 2. It ended some time back
2. Khalia (tense) 1. Small one is eating 2. Small one ate
3. Khalima (tenses)  1. Small one is digging 2. Small one dug
4. Khalira (Tense) 1. The small pne cried: Akhana khalira mu Nyongesa. 2. Pluck vegetable: Khalira eliani ochole.
5. Khamira 1. A small one is swallowing 2. A small one swallowed
6. Khaya (Tense) 1. Small one is burning 2. small one burned